Plan de actuación ante la pandemia por COVID-19 en Urgencias del Hospital Universitario de Navarra / Pandemic action plan for COVID-19 in Hospital ER University of Navarra

El SARS-CoV-2 es un virus causa manifestaciones clínicas con distintos niveles de gravedadpor lo tanto los servicios de Urgencias hospitalarios deben estar preparados para identificarlos casos, aislarlos, informar y asegurar un tratamiento. Cuando en el primer trimestre de 2020 el primer caso de infección COVID-19 se comunicó enNavarra los servicios de Urgencias tuvieron que desarrollar unos planes específicos para, nosolo, la detección e información de los casos, sino también adecuar sus espacios de trabajo yredimensionar sus necesidades materiales y profesionales para hacer frente a una situaciónsin precedentes conocidos en los últimos años. Este manuscrito resume el documento que recoge el plan de actuación interno ante la pan-demia de COVID-19 en Urgencias del Hospital Universitario de Navarra y las decisiones anivel de gestión que se realizaron para adaptar el Servicio de Urgencias a las necesidades deescalada y desescalada.(AU)

El papel del Hospital Universitario de Navarra y su liderazgo en el Plan de Contingencia de hospitales de la red pública y privada de Navarra en relación con la enfermedad por COVID-19 / The role of the University Hospital of Navarra and its leadership in the Plan of Public network hospital contingency and private company of Navarra in relation to the COVID-19 disease

Los modelos de atención se modificaron y adaptaron de forma constante en respuesta al diferente carácter de cada ola (diferente perfil de pacientes, integrar atención no COVID-19,necesidad e impacto posterior de la vacunación, protección del paciente vulnerable e inmunodeprimido...), y también a las incorporación de las herramientas disponibles (mayor disponibilidad de equipos de protección individual, disponibilidad de test diagnósticos y optimización del tiempo de resultado, mayor evidencia en tratamientos, incremento de la posibilidadde proveer soporte respiratorio, gestión de información y predicción de escenarios, posibilidad de integrar la asistencia con otros niveles: atención primaria, hospitales privados, atención sociosanitaria, etc.(AU)

Hospitalización a domicilio del Hospital Universitario de Navarra en la respuesta a la pandemia por COVID-19 / Hospitalization at home of the Hospital University of Navarra in the answer to the COVID-19 pandemic

La hospitalización a domicilio (HAD) es una alternativa asistencial del Área de Salud de Pamplona consistente en un modelo organizativo capaz de dispensar a pacientes en su propiodomicilio un conjunto de actividades y cuidados sanitarios con complejidad, intensidad y duración comparables a los de una hospitalización convencional cuando todavía precisan de unavigilancia activa y una asistencia compleja. Ante el incremento progresivo de ingresos en el Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN) y lasprevisiones existentes para las siguientes semanas, el lunes 9 de marzo de 2020 se decide creardentro de la unidad de HAD del HUN una unidad específica centrada en COVID-19 y que, portanto, entra en el dispositivo de atención a los pacientes con infección por COVID-19. Debido al incremento progresivo en el número de ingresos hospitalarios, el día 26 de marzo elServicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea (SNS-O) decide medicalizar el hotel Iruña Park con elobjetivo de incrementar el número de camas hospitalarias disponibles. En este documento se expone la actividad realizada en las tres primeras olas por la unidad deHAD del HUN en la atención domiciliaria y en la primera ola en el hotel medicalizado.(AU)

Transferrin Isoforms, Old but New Biomarkers in Hereditary Fructose Intolerance.

Hereditary Fructose Intolerance (HFI) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism characterised by the deficiency of the hepatic enzyme aldolase B. Its treatment consists in adopting a fructose-, sucrose-, and sorbitol (FSS)-restrictive diet for life. Untreated HFI patients present an abnormal transferrin (Tf) glycosylation pattern due to the inhibition of mannose-6-phosphate isomerase by fructose-1-phosphate. Hence, elevated serum carbohydrate-deficient Tf (CDT) may allow the prompt detection of HFI. The CDT values improve when an FSS-restrictive diet is followed; however, previous data on CDT and fructose intake correlation are inconsistent. Therefore, we examined the complete serum sialoTf profile and correlated it with FSS dietary intake and with hepatic parameters in a cohort of paediatric and adult fructosemic patients. To do so, the profiles of serum sialoTf from genetically diagnosed HFI patients on an FSS-restricted diet (n = 37) and their age-, sex- and body mass index-paired controls (n = 32) were analysed by capillary zone electrophoresis. We found that in HFI patients, asialoTf correlated with dietary intake of sucrose (R = 0.575, p < 0.001) and FSS (R = 0.475, p = 0.008), and that pentasialoTf+hexasialoTf negatively correlated with dietary intake of fructose (R = -0.386, p = 0.024) and FSS (R = -0.400, p = 0.019). In addition, the tetrasialoTf/disialoTf ratio truthfully differentiated treated HFI patients from healthy controls, with an area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of 0.97, 92% sensitivity, 94% specificity and 93% accuracy.

Intravenous supplementation type and volume are associated with 1-year outcome and major complications in patients with chronic intestinal failure.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: No marker to categorise the severity of chronic intestinal failure (CIF) has been developed. A 1-year international survey was carried out to investigate whether the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism clinical classification of CIF, based on the type and volume of the intravenous supplementation (IVS), could be an indicator of CIF severity. METHODS: At baseline, participating home parenteral nutrition (HPN) centres enrolled all adults with ongoing CIF due to non-malignant disease; demographic data, body mass index, CIF mechanism, underlying disease, HPN duration and IVS category were recorded for each patient. The type of IVS was classified as fluid and electrolyte alone (FE) or parenteral nutrition admixture (PN). The mean daily IVS volume, calculated on a weekly basis, was categorised as <1, 1-2, 2-3 and >3 L/day. The severity of CIF was determined by patient outcome (still on HPN, weaned from HPN, deceased) and the occurrence of major HPN/CIF-related complications: intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD), catheter-related venous thrombosis and catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI). RESULTS: Fifty-one HPN centres included 2194 patients. The analysis showed that both IVS type and volume were independently associated with the odds of weaning from HPN (significantly higher for PN <1 L/day than for FE and all PN >1 L/day), patients' death (lower for FE, p=0.079), presence of IFALD cholestasis/liver failure and occurrence of CRBSI (significantly higher for PN 2-3 and PN >3 L/day). CONCLUSIONS: The type and volume of IVS required by patients with CIF could be indicators to categorise the severity of CIF in both clinical practice and research protocols.

Impacto de la cirugía bariátrica en el tejido óseo / Impact of bariatric surgery on bone tissue

La importante prevalencia y morbimortalidad de la obesidad ha ocasionado un aumento de pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica. Son numerosos los beneficios reportados de la cirugía de la obesidad en distintas esferas de la salud. Sin embargo, no ocurre lo mismo sobre el hueso, donde tiene un impacto negativo. Los mecanismos fisiopatológicos que subyacen en el deterioro del tejido óseo de estos pacientes son complejos y requieren de un estudio en profundidad. El adecuado conocimiento de estos factores permitirá adoptar las herramientas más oportunas para un adecuado abordaje terapéutico

The important prevalence and morbidity of obesity has generated an increase in bariatric surgery. It has a positive effect in obesity-related comorbidities. However, it's detrimental to bone health. The underline pathophysiological mechanisms are complex and heterogeneous. The knowledge of these factors may lead us to develop an adequate therapeutic intervention

Impact of bariatric surgery on bone tissue. / Impacto de la cirugía bariátrica en el tejido óseo.

The important prevalence and morbidity of obesity has generated an increase in bariatric surgery. It has a positive effect in obesity-related comorbidities. However, it's detrimental to bone health. The underline pathophysiological mechanisms are complex and heterogeneous. The knowledge of these factors may lead us to develop an adequate therapeutic intervention.

Dieta pobre en FODMAPs (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols) en el síndrome de intestino irritable: indicación y forma de elaboración / Diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: indications and design

En los últimos años está creciendo el interés en la dieta pobre en fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) como pilar importante en el tratamiento del síndrome de intestino irritable (SII). Este modelo de dieta lo desarrolló un equipo multidisciplinar de la Universidad de Monash, en Melbourne, y empezó a ganar notoriedad a partir de la publicación de un estudio en 2008 que demostraba que los hidratos de carbono fermentables (FODMAPs) de la dieta actuaban como causantes de síntomas en los pacientes con SII. Desde entonces se han llevado a cabo varios ensayos controlados aleatorizados que, aunque con muestras reducidas de pacientes, han vuelto a demostrar las ventajas de este modelo dietético (AU)

In recent years, there has been growing interest in diet low in FODMAPs (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols) as an important mainstay in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This model of diet was developed by a multidisciplinary team from the Monash University in Melbourne and became well-known after the publication of a study in 2008 showing that dietary FODMAPs acted as causing factors in patients with IBS. Since then there have been several randomized controlled trials which, although with small sample sizes, have again shown the benefits of this dietary pattern (AU)

Diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: indications and design.

In recent years, there has been growing interest in diet low in FODMAPs (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols) as an important mainstay in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This model of diet was developed by a multidisciplinary team from the Monash University in Melbourne and became well-known after the publication of a study in 2008 showing that dietary FODMAPs acted as causing factors in patients with IBS. Since then there have been several randomized controlled trials which, although with small sample sizes, have again shown the benefits of this dietary pattern.

Hepatopatía asociada a nutrición parenteral y emulsiones lipídicas / Parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease and lipid emulsions

La afectación de la función hepática asociada con la nutrición parenteral es un problema especialmente importante en los pacientes que precisan este tipo de soporte nutricional durante un tiempo prolongado. La prevalencia es muy variable según las series, y se presenta clínicamente de forma distinta en adultos y en niños. Su etiología no está bien definida y se contempla la participación de varios factores al mismo tiempo. Cuando se detecta un nivel de bilirrubina > 2 mg/dl durante un período prolongado se deben descartar otras causas de hepatopatía y minimizar los factores de riesgo. La composición de las emulsiones lipídicas empleadas en la nutrición parenteral es uno de los factores relacionados con la alteración de la función hepática. En este artículo se revisan los distintos tipos de emulsiones lipídicas, así como los posibles beneficios de las fórmulas enriquecidas con ácidos grasos omega-3

Parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD) is a particularly important problem in patients who need this type of nutritional support for a long time. Prevalence of the condition is highly variable depending on the series, and its clinical presentation is different in adults and children. The etiology of PNALD is not well defined, and participation of several factors at the same time has been suggested. When a bilirubin level >2 mg/dl is detected for a long time, other causes of liver disease should be ruled out and risk factors should be minimized. The composition of lipid emulsions used in parenteral nutrition is one of the factors related to PNALD. This article reviews the different types of lipid emulsions and the potential benefits of emulsions enriched with omega-3 fatty acids

Emulsión lipídica exclusiva de ácidos grasos omega-3 (Omegaven ®) en el tratamiento de la hepatopatía asociada a nutrición parenteral: a propósito de un caso / Exclusively based parenteral fish-oil emulsion (Omegaven ®) in the treatment of parenteral nutrition associated liver disease: Report of a case

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Parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease and lipid emulsions.

Parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD) is a particularly important problem in patients who need this type of nutritional support for a long time. Prevalence of the condition is highly variable depending on the series, and its clinical presentation is different in adults and children. The etiology of PNALD is not well defined, and participation of several factors at the same time has been suggested. When a bilirubin level >2 mg/dl is detected for a long time, other causes of liver disease should be ruled out and risk factors should be minimized. The composition of lipid emulsions used in parenteral nutrition is one of the factors related to PNALD. This article reviews the different types of lipid emulsions and the potential benefits of emulsions enriched with omega-3 fatty acids.